VOWEL AND CONSONANT LENGTH

2.I        Vowel length

Vowel length is the perceived duration of a vowel sound.In some languages ​​of the world, including several dialects of the English language, we can change the meaning of a word by "extending" the vowels. Long vowels pronounced in Australian English for three pairs of vowels is stressed, the / ɪ / and / i /, / ʌ / and / a /, / ʊ / and / u /. We can, if we wish, to use symbols / ɪ / and / ɪ :/, / ʌ / and / ʌ :/, / ʊ / and / ʊ :/ to show more clearly the difference.

Example :

                 

“pit”            /pɪt/                  “peat”  /pɪ:t/     dibanding /pit/

“putt”          /pʌt/                 “part”  /pʌ:t/    dibanding /pat/

“put”           /pʊt/                 “port”  /pʊ:t/    dibanding /put/

a.      Vowel length affected by ending voiced consonants

There are two consonant,they are voiced consonant and voicless consonants.

Voiced consonants are b,d,v,l,r,z,j and voiced consonants are p,t,k,s,sh,ch,th. All the English occur slightly longer before voiced consonants than before voiceless ones,and also at the end of words, as shown in the following examples :

“beat”                     /bit/      [bit]

“bead”                    /bid/     [bi:d]

“bit”                        /bit/      [bit]

”bid”                       /bɪd/     [bɪ:d]

”loot”                      /lut/      [lut]

”lewd”                    /lud/     [lu:t]

b.      Vowel length caused double same vowel in the end

When a word has two of the same vowels in a row (called a double vowel), pronounce them as one vowel, using the long sound. This rule does not apply when 'O' is the double vowel, as shown in the following example :

“bee”                           [bi:]

            Because the vowels with longer duration are predictable, vowel length in English is nonphonemic.

            In another languages,however, vowel length is nonpredictable and whether a vowel is long or short in duration can distinguish meanings. Consider the following minimal pairs in japannese.

            Biru     ”doing”           tsuji     ”proper name”

            Bi:ru    ”beer”              tsu:ji    ”moving the bowels”

When teaching at university in japan, one of the authors of this book inadvertanly pronounced Ms. Tsuji name as Tsu:ji-san. The effect of this error quickly taught him to respect vowel length in Japanese.

2.2       Consonants Length

Consonant length also is contrastive in japanese. A consonant can be extended by extending the termination: a long t [tt] can be generated by holding the tongue against the alveolar region twice the length of t [t]. Minimal pairs below illustrates the fact that also includes phonemic consonant length in Japanese.

  shite          “doing”           saki      “ahead”

shitte         “knowing”       sakki    “before”

GaZa,,,,,we arE Here For YOU

Ya Rabb........

will never disappear from my memory ..
when my brother motionless, speechless, and feel dumb

Ya Rabbi ...
will never disappear from my mind ..
when thousands of angels down to pick them up at the land of a million martyrs

Ya Rabbi ...
will not fade in the eyes
when angels lined up to welcome white face and beautiful

the land is full of blood
but the world is still silent like a gloomy river,
dumb like a false grave headstone,
hushed silence as the song that does not come from the heart

thousands of prayers have emanated
thousands and millions of hands have expectations

but what happened  ya Rabbi ..
axis of evil country that continues to kill babies,
bodies were ..
go on and on lying

God knows how much more blood must flow in the land of the Prophets,
God knows how many children and babies glued lost father and mother

God knows how much longer the world's gaze must be fixed ..
your takbir echoed ..
your tasbih surge ..
reverberate in the independent Palestinian earth ..

ANALYZE POETRY ‘’THE CHARRIOT’’ By Emily Dickinson

The Chariot

By : Emily Dickinson

Because I could not stop for Death,
He kindly stopped for me;
The carriage held but just ourselves
And Immortality.
We slowly drove, he knew no haste,
And I had put away
My labor, and my leisure too,
For his civility.
We passed the school, where children strove
At recess, in the ring;
We passed the fields of gazing grain,
We passed the setting sun.
Or rather, he passed us;
The dews grew quivering and chill,
For only gossamer my gown,
My tippet only tulle.
We paused before a house that seemed
A swelling of the ground;
The roof was scarcely visible,
The cornice but a mound.
Since then 'tis centuries, and yet each
Feels shorter than the day
I first surmised the horses' heads
Were toward eternity

Analyze Poetry

Rhyme

The isn’t regular (meaning it doesn’t follow a particular  pattern) but there is internal rhyme in this poem.

The carriage held but just ourselves (line 3)

We slowly drove, he knew no haste (line 5)

We passed the fields of gazing grain            (line 11)

The dews grew quivering and chill   (line 14)

Feet

Example :

Because I could not stop for Death,             8 sylable-( Tetrameter )
He kindly stopped for me;                            6 sylable-(Trimeter)
The carriage held but just ourselves              8 sylable-(Tetrameter)
And Immortality.                                          4 sylable-(Dimeter)

Theme

›  Mortality

Mortality is probably the major theme in this poem. It’s all abour the speaker’s attitude toward her death and what the actual day of her death was like. Dickinson paints a picture of the day that doesn’t seem to far from the ordinary(that is,if you’re used to having a guy named Death take you out on dates).

›  Immortality

We find out that the memory of the speaker’s death day is being told centuries into the afterlife. So, in this poem, Dickinson explores the idea of perpetual life. In this poem there is life after death, which offers an explanation as to why the speaker’s so calm about everything. Death’s not the end, just one step closer to eternity.

  Atmosphere

›   

Mood

We can almost imagine this poem set to the even sound of the horses’clomping hooves; the real conversation is going on between the speaker and Death in the carriage, but the hooves are always in the background. Very cool stuff. So if we read this poem, make our feel is amazing.

›   Tone

Who is the speaker,can she or he read minds, and ,more importantly, can we trust her or him?The speaker is dead. But the even cooler thing is that we don’t know this for sure until the last stanza. So the speaker is a ghost or spirit thinking back to the day of her death. She’s actually pretty calm about it too. Maybe because she’s been dead for so long she’s not so freaked out about it anymore, or maybe she was ready to die when she did;either way ,she’s completely at ease with it now and looks back at that almost fondly. This was a memorable day for her,though. Centuries have passed and she got chilly, what the grave looked like, and she especially remembers the feeling she got when she looked at those horse heads

Point of view

q  Spirituality

well,the speaker is ghost,which means Dickinson had to believe in some short of life after death ( and we do know that she grew up in a Christian family ). But she leaves specific religious references out of poem,and we do not know f the speaker is recalling the memory of her death from Heaven.,Hell, or somewhere else,we only know that is a place beyond this world.

q   Love

The speake’s tone in the poem makes the reader believe the speaker does not fear death, butfeels the opposite toward it.If the poem did not explore death with an underlying theme of love,the acceptance of death might eventully be hard for the reader to belive.

q  Live Hood

It is this kindness, this individual attention to her.

Style

Figurative Language

Alliteration 

›  Because I could not stop for Death    (line 1)

›  he knew no haste                                (line 5)

›  My labor, and my leisure too              (line 7)

›  At recess, in the ring                          (line 10)

Anaphora

›  We passed the school, where children strove

     At recess, in the ring;

›  We passed the fields of gazing grain,

›  We passed the setting sun.                             (lines 9-12)

Paradox 

›  Since then 'tis centuries, and yet each 

›  Feels shorter than the day

›  I first surmised the horses' heads        (lines 21-23)

 Personification

›  We passed the setting sun.

›  Or  rather, he passed us               :                    (lines 12-13)

Symbolizm

›  The Carriage

The carriage in this poem is the mode of transportation to the afterlife.we have to get where we’re going somehow.

›  The sunset

The sunset in this poem as a symbol and foreshadowing of death.

›  The house

The house is a metaphor for the grave.

›  The Horse

The horse in this poem as a symbol of immortality.

The whole interpretation

›  The whole of poem explained about death and eternity. Death is no frightening, or even intimidating, reaper, but rather a courteous and gentle guide, leading her to eternity. The speaker feels no fear when Death picks her up in his carriage, she just sees it as an act of kindness, as she was too busy to find time for him.

 

Drama of Wound Care

This is the example about healt drama that happened in the hospital.

Player 

 Tori’ as administration

 Wenny as nurse 1

 Sony as nurse 2

 Desy as patient

 Atma as receptionist and prolog.

 A little about wound care, wound care is treatment to prevent injury on skin, membrane of mukosa and other  tissue, which caused by trauma/injury, fraktur, post operation that can damage skin of surface. Ok, let us staging drama about wound care. Lets play!!!!

 

On Tuesday morning, Desi going to the hospital for treatment a wound care. This matter caused 2 last week, her doing appendicitis operation. Today her fell pain on wound.

Desi     : hmm… why my wound is pain…
              ehhmm I think, I must going to the hospital right now…

Desy going to the hospital with a car.

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Desi reached in hospital. And meet a receptionist

Desi       : Excusme nurse..?

Atma     : Yes, good morning miss…!!!

Desi      : good morning too….

Atma     : welcome to the sumberwaras hospital. My name is atma. Can I help you miss???

Desi      : yeah,, I want to wound care. Can you show me the wound care room for me??

 Atma     : of course. You must go to the surgical room. From here, you can ro straight and then you found three junction, you can turn left. Until in front of the maternity room, you can turn left again. So the surgical room beside the maternity room.

Desi      : oow.. ok thanks for your information nurse…

Atma     : oh,, ok your welcome….

            Desi until the surgical room. Then desi come in to the room and meet a nurse sony and nurse wenny 

Desi                 : excusme nurse…

Nurse wenny   : yeah,, sit down please,, Can I help you??

Desi                 : yeah. I want to check up my wound around my stomach.

Nurse wenny    : ok. Before continue to check up. I want to your data’s. oww… before I want to your data’s, my name is wenny, and in beside me is nuse sony, We are nurse in here. What is your name ?

Desi                  : my name is desi ratnasari. You can call me with desi.

Nurse wenny    : owhh.. miss desi, where do you live?

Desi                  : I live in sumbersari, Malang..

Nurse Wenny    : how old are you ?

Desi                  : 27 years old nurse..

Nurse Wenny    : your phone number, please….

Desi                  : 081-333-543-989

Nurse wenny    : what brings you came this hospital?

Desi                  : my wound fell pain,, I don’t know,, usually not pain,,, but 3 last day,, suddenly my wound is pain…

Nurse Wenny    : ok… please lay down in a bed and the you will check your wound with nurse sony.

Desi                  : ok nurse..

Nurse Sony will check your desy wound

Nurse sony        : Miss desy, I will Check your wound, is it true the wound because post- operatif ??

Desi                  : yes is it true,,,,..

Nurse sony        : ok.. can I see your wound?

Desi                  : of course..

Nurse sony        : I will press your wound…(press desi wound)… what do you fell now??

Desi                  : my fell pain,, very pain.. please stop..please…(wince painfulness)

Nurse sony        : ok..ok.. sorry.. hmmpp on your wound there are pus so I must releasing pus on your wound.. because if not releasing your pus make your wound infection. Are you ready ?

Desi                  : yeah.. I am ready…

Nurse Sony       : ok.. before I releasing your wound you must signature of inform consent in administration. But, calm down.. you will assisted by nurse wenny.. wait,,, I call nurse wenny… nurse wenny…nurse wenny….(called nurse wenny)

Some time…………. Nurse wenny came to the care room…

Nurse Wenny    : yeah nurse sony,, what is it?

Nurse sony        : nurse wenny, I will releasing pus in her wound, so please helped miss desi to managing a inform consent. You can?

Nurse Wenny    : ok nurse…
(speak with miss desi) miss wait in here,please, I will put inform consent for  your signature.

Nurse wenny going to the administration room for put the inform consent

Nurse wenny    : excusme sir,,,,..

Toriq                 : yeah nurse,,, can I help you,,,?

Nurse wenny    : ya,,, I will put inform consent to my patient in surgical room. Her is have a pus on wound.

Toriq                 : oww.. ok..please fill some data about your patient… ow yah.. who will a signature of inform consent.???

Nurse wenny    : yeah,, I will fill data.. and that a signature of inform consent is a miss desi….

Toriq                 : ok..ok

Nurse Wenny    : finish sir..

Toriq                 : ok.. this is an inform consent,, please give your patient and a signature,, ok,,
if finish please give me an inform consent to arship..

Nurse wenny    : ok sir…

Nurse wenny back to surgical room.. and then give miss desi inform consent to signature.

Nurse wenny    : sorry miss,, so long… please a signature of inform consent….

Desi                  : never mind nurse… yeah I will a signature…

Nurse wnny      : ok. Please wait a minute,, nurse sony will care your wound… now he while prepare a wound care tool’s. ok..

Desi                  : ok nurse…

 Some a minute later,,,, nurse sony back to the surgical room with take a tool’s.

Nurse sony        : I will care your wound,,, are you ready miss??

Desy                 : yah,, Iam ready… Iam very ready..

Nurse Sony       : ok.. calm done miss,,, releasing just to releasing pus on your wound,, will feel pain,,, but please endure. Before I treatment your wound,, I will save your privacy with close the door and sketsel,,,

Desy                 : ok nurse…

Nurse Sony       : please lay down in a bed with supine your position….

Desy                 : (lay down in a bed with supine position)

Nurse Sony       : ok,,, please open your dress until chest…

Desy                 : hmm.. not all??

Nurse Sony       : no miss.. just little,,, that important I can see your wound..

Desy                 : ok.. ok…

Nurse Sony       : I will pair a perlac on under stomach.. (pair a perlac)… ok I will treatment your wound…. Please hold up if you feel pain…(some minute’s) I will open your cover a wound….(open a cover wound),,, and then I will check your sewing…..
hmmm your sewing its really not dry… and there are many pus… I will releasing pus with pinset… please hold up because I will press your wound so pus releasing…

Desy                 : ok nurse..

Nurse sony treatment a wound care to miss desy….. some a minute later….

Nurse Sony       : Ok.. I think finish,, because nothing pus in your wound,,, what do you feel now??

Desy                 : I feel more good,,, and not painfull

Nurse Sony       : good… ok I will close your wound again,,(close your wound)

Desy                 : yeah…

Nurse Sony       : Ok finish… please wait a minute,, I will call nurse wenny again.. (out of room with take a tool’s)

Nurse Sony and Nurse wenny meet in front of room

Nurse sony        : nurse wenny,, I finished to treatment a wound care for miss desi,,,
please give suggestion to miss desin to saving a health.

Nurse wenny    : ok nurse sony.. I will giving suggestion to miss desi.

Nurse wenny come to surgical room and meet miss desi…

Nurse wenny    : miss desi,,, what do you feel now??

Desi                  : I feel more good nurs,,

Nurse wenny    : ok miss,, I think you may back to home… but you must going to administration to finished your payment….

Desy                 : ok…. But do you help me to finished a payment

Nurse wenny    : of course…. I will help you….

Nurse Wennyy and miss Desi going to the administration room

Nurse Wenny  : ok miss wait in her…. I will call a admint…

Desi                 : yeah nurse…

Nurse wenny called admint

Nurse Wenny  : (called admint) sir,,,

Tori                  ; yeh nurse,, can I help you,,,

Nurse Wenny  : yes sir,, my patient will finished to payment a wound care…

Tori                  :oww ya ya… ok I will meet your patient… do you can helped me to meet your patient??

Nurse Wenny  : of course.. lets go…

Nurse wenny and tori came and meet with miss desi

Toriq                : good afternoon miss…

Desi                 : Afternoon sir….

Toriq                : my name toriq,, Iam admint in here,, what do you feel now,, I hope more better….

Desi                 : yeah.. I feel very good..

Toriq                : ok miss desi… after you treatment a wound care you must finished a payment.

Desi                 : yaa… how much I pay?

Toriq                : all.. Rp 350.000

Desi                 :Ok (put some  money from bag than give to the tori)

Toriq                :ok..is it true miss….

Desi                 : ok thanks sir,,, I will back to home…

Nurse wenny   : be carefull miss,, but please keep your health,,,many take a rest…and you must check up again… I hope be better…..

Desi                 : ok thanks nurse… excusme…

Nurse wenny nd toriq : yahhh

Miss desi back to home and must 3 days once must check up to hospital…